{"id":2161,"date":"2022-03-29T14:56:01","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T05:56:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/c-mng.cwh.hokudai.ac.jp\/keitai1.sci\/Root\/?post_type=research_en&p=2161"},"modified":"2022-09-13T11:53:48","modified_gmt":"2022-09-13T02:53:48","slug":"cell_polarity_en","status":"publish","type":"research_en","link":"https:\/\/c-mng.cwh.hokudai.ac.jp\/keitai1.sci\/Root\/en\/research\/cell_polarity_en\/","title":{"rendered":"Mechanisms of cell and tissue polarity formation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Membrane proteins are mobile in the lipid fluid environment. In contrast, PIN proteins are localized at specific regions of plasma membranes (PMs). What mechanisms can determine the polar localization of PIN proteins? It has been widely believed that the membrane trafficking system, which involves recycling of PIN proteins from endosomes to a specific region of the PM, determines the polar localization of PIN proteins. However, we take respectful issue with this hypothesis. Instead, we demonstrated that PIN proteins are organized into a cluster-like structure, whose mobility and endocytosis at the PM are inhibited. Furthermore, we found that PIN clusters are biomolecular condensates involved in maintaining polar localization and regulating efflux activity of PIN proteins. We are currently studying the molecular mechanism of PIN cluster formation to elucidate the mechanisms of the polar localization of PIN proteins. This study will be carried out from the perspective of membrane dynamics<\/strong>, membrane trafficking<\/strong> and cytoskeleton<\/strong>. The physiological function of PIN clusters, including the venation pattern and the tropism (Phototropism, Gravitropism and Halotropism), will also be investigated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Current projects related to the mechanisms of cell and tissue polarity formation are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

1. Cell polarity and tissue patterning by auxin transporter PIN proteins<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Regulatory mechanisms of PIN cluster formation and reestablishment<\/li>
  2. Modeling of auxin canalization hypothesis<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    2. Cell polarity formation mediated by membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton dynamics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Control of cell membrane properties by VAN3 ARF-GAP<\/li>
    2. Phospholipid metabolism in plasma membrane<\/li>
    3. Crosstalk of small GTPases at the cell surface<\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

      Learn more about the research<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      1. Cell polarity and tissue patterning by auxin transporter PIN proteins<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      Regulatory mechanisms of PIN cluster formation and reestablishment<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

      \u591a\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u306e\u767a\u751f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u6975\u6027\u3068\u4f53\u8ef8\u304c\u9069\u5207\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7dad\u7ba1\u675f\u690d\u7269\u306e\u4f53\u8ef8\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30ad\u30b7\u30f3\u306e\u6975\u6027\u8f38\u9001\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8f38\u9001\u65b9\u5411\u306f\u30aa\u30fc\u30ad\u30b7\u30f3\u62c5\u4f53PIN\u306e\u7d30\u80de\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6975\u6027\u5c40\u5728\uff08\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u4f4d\u3078\u306e\u504f\u5728\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u898f\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u305f\u3061\u306fPIN\u306e\u5c40\u5728\u5236\u5fa1\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u767a\u898b\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002PIN\u304c\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e2d\u3067\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u591a\u91cf\u4f53\u69cb\u9020\u300cPIN\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u300d\u304c\u3001PIN\u306e\u819c\u4e2d\u306e\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u3092\u6291\u5236\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u767a\u63ee\u3057\u3001\u6975\u6027\u5c40\u5728\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u306b\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u308f\u305f\u3057\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u3067\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u5206\u5b50\u69cb\u9020\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3057\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001PIN\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u5f62\u6210\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u50cd\u304f\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u540c\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6210\u529f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001PIN\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u5f62\u6210\u306f\u3001PIN\u306e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u4e0a\u3067\u306e\u5c40\u5728\u306e\u5b89\u5b9a\u5316\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30ad\u30b7\u30f3\u306e\u6392\u51fa\u6d3b\u6027\u306e\u5236\u5fa1\u306a\u3069\u306b\u50cd\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u7d50\u679c\u3082\u5f97\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eca\u5f8c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u4f5c\u696d\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u5b9f\u8a3c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001PIN\u306e\u5c40\u5728\u6027\u5fa1\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u65e2\u77e5\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u3068PIN\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3084\u3001PIN\u306e\u5c40\u5728\u6027\u5fa1\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u65b0\u5947\u56e0\u5b50\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30ad\u30b7\u30f3\u6975\u6027\u8f38\u9001\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u89e3\u660e\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Modeling of auxin canalization hypothesis<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

      \u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5b9f\u9a13\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30ad\u30b7\u30f3\u306f\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u306b\u7d30\u80de\u9593\u3092\u6d41\u308c\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u6027\u8cea\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u304c\u63d0\u5531\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30ad\u30b7\u30f3\u30ad\u30e3\u30ca\u30e9\u30a4\u30bc\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u4eee\u8aac\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30aa\u30fc\u30ad\u30b7\u30f3\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30aa\u30fc\u30ad\u30b7\u30f3\u306e\u6392\u51fa\u6d3b\u6027\u3092\u6b63\u306b\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u4f5c\u7528\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6b63\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u4f5c\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30ad\u30b7\u30f3\u306f\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u306b\u6d41\u8def\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3068\u60f3\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u308f\u305f\u304f\u3057\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3001PIN\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u767a\u751f\u904e\u7a0b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6319\u52d5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u7d30\u306b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001PIN\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306f\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u7279\u5fb4\u7684\u306a\u6319\u52d5\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eca\u5f8c\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u5185\u306e\u30aa\u30fc\u30ad\u30b7\u30f3\u52d5\u614b\u306e\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3084\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u30aa\u30fc\u30ad\u30b7\u30f3\u306e\u6442\u52d5\u5b9f\u9a13\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u6570\u7406\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u306b\u3082\u6311\u6226\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30ad\u30b7\u30f3\u30ad\u30e3\u30ca\u30e9\u30a4\u30bc\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u3084\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u6975\u6027\u3068\u4f53\u8ef8\u306e\u5f62\u6210\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08\u4eee\u8aac\uff09\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\u30fb\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"
      \u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u5f8c\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7d30\u80de\u6975\u6027<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      2. Cell polarity formation mediated by membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton dynamics<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      Control of cell membrane properties by VAN3 ARF-GAP<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

      \u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u3001\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3084\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u77e5\u898b\u304c\u84c4\u7a4d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u5185\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u3092\u3001\u500b\u3005\u306e\u5206\u5b50\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3060\u3051\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u304c\u7e54\u308a\u306a\u3059\u30c0\u30a4\u30ca\u30df\u30ba\u30e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      PIN\u306e\u5c40\u5728\u5236\u5fa1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u3067\u3001PIN\u304c\u5c0f\u80de\u8f38\u9001\u3055\u308c\u3066\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u306b\u904b\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300cPIN\u3001PIN\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u69cb\u6210\u5206\u5b50\u3001PIN\u30fbPIN\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u69cb\u6210\u56e0\u5b50\u3068\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3057\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u5f62\u6210\u306eON\/OFF\u3092\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u306e\u30ea\u30f3\u8102\u8cea\u306a\u3069\u3001\u304c\u8907\u5408\u7684\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3001PIN\u304c\u6975\u6027\u5c40\u5728\u3059\u308b\u5834\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e16\u754c\u89b3\u3067\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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      \"\"
      Series of vascular network defective<\/em> (van<\/em>) mutants <\/strong>
      (Koizumi et al., 2000)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
      Phospholipid metabolism in plasma membrane<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

      VAN3\u304c\u3082\u3064PH\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u30ea\u30f3\u8102\u8cea\u306b\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u969b\u3001\u308f\u305f\u3057\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001VAN3\u306e\u5c40\u5728\u3068\u6d3b\u6027\u306f\u751f\u4f53\u819c\u306e\u30ea\u30f3\u8102\u8cea\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5236\u5fa1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08Naramoto et al., 2009 Development\uff09\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5236\u5fa1\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u56e0\u5b50\u3082\u8907\u6570\u540c\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u305d\u306e\u306a\u304b\u306e\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3067\u30ea\u30f3\u8102\u8cea\u5408\u6210\u9175\u7d20\u306eCVP2(cotyledon vascular pattern2) \u306f\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u306e\u9802\u7aef\u90e8\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u306b\u5c40\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u5c40\u5728\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8449\u8108\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u5f62\u6210\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3059\u308b\u7d50\u679c\u3082\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4eca\u5f8c\u3001CVP2\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u767a\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3046\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u30fb\u7d30\u80de\u30fb\u500b\u4f53\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Crosstalk of small GTPases at the cell surface<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

      VAN3\u306f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30bf\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u8cea\u3068\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3059\u308b\u304b\u304c\u65e2\u306b\u8abf\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306eVAB\uff08VAN3 binding protein\uff09\u306f\u8a73\u3057\u3044\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u5206\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u751f\u4f53\u819c\u306e\u30ea\u30f3\u8102\u8cea\u3068\u7d50\u5408\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff08Naramoto et al., 2009 Development\uff09\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u7d30\u80de\u5185\u306e\u751f\u547d\u73fe\u8c61\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059small GTPase \u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30d5\u30a1\u30df\u30ea\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308bRab\u3084Rop\u3068\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3082\u793a\u5506\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u6962\u672c\u3001\u672a\u767a\u8868\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Rop\u3084Rab\u306f\u5206\u5b50\u30b9\u30a4\u30c3\u30c1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u591a\u7a2e\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u73fe\u8c61\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u52d5\u7269\u3067\u306f\u3001 ARHGAP\u3084ARAP\u3068\u3044\u3046ARF\u3068Rho\u306e\u4e21\u8005\u3068\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3059\u308b\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u6301\u3064\u5206\u5b50\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u690d\u7269\u306b\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u307e\u305fVAB\u306f\u690d\u7269\u7279\u7570\u7684\u306a\u5206\u5b50\u3067\u3059\u3002VAN3\u304cVAB\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066Rop\u3068Rab\u3068\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u5408\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308c\u3070\u3001small GTPase\u304c\u4ed6\u306e\u56e0\u5b50\u3068\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30af\u3059\u308b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5168\u304f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u77e5\u898b\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3068\u671f\u5f85\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1438,"template":"","researcher_en":[19],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c-mng.cwh.hokudai.ac.jp\/keitai1.sci\/Root\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_en\/2161"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c-mng.cwh.hokudai.ac.jp\/keitai1.sci\/Root\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_en"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c-mng.cwh.hokudai.ac.jp\/keitai1.sci\/Root\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/research_en"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c-mng.cwh.hokudai.ac.jp\/keitai1.sci\/Root\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c-mng.cwh.hokudai.ac.jp\/keitai1.sci\/Root\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"researcher_en","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c-mng.cwh.hokudai.ac.jp\/keitai1.sci\/Root\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/researcher_en?post=2161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}